Simulation modeling is an approach that builds computer models for some setting/scenario (e.g. the spread of COVID in the US) and uses the models to understand what is going on, to make forecasts and to evaluate the impact of different interventions.

Source: NOAA

• Weather forecasting.
• Simulations of man-made, engineered system.
• Predicting the economy.
• Infectious disease transmission.

• Build a model that simulates the process of disease transmission.
• Include any details that are relevant for the question, omit everything else.

See later example